Mengkritisi Dakwah di Media Sosial dengan Tafsir Al-Qur'an: Analisis Hermeneutika Kritis atas Konten Viral

Abstract

This study examines the validity of Qur’anic interpretation in viral da‘wah content on social media platforms (Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube) by applying a naqd al-tafsīr (critique of exegesis) framework. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research analyzes 150 samples of viral content published between March and June 2024 using a Tafsir Criticism Matrix that assesses linguistic, contextual, coherence, and pragmatic dimensions. The findings reveal three dominant patterns of problematic interpretation present in 92% of the samples. First, opinion ayatification, in which Qur’anic verses are employed to legitimize popular opinions. Second, decontextualization, whereby verses are detached from their historical context. Third, textual instrumentalization, which reduces Qur’anic verses to tools of identity politics. The matrix analysis indicates an acute crisis in the contextual-historical dimension, with 76.7% of the samples neglecting asbāb al-nuzūl, alongside the prevalence of clickbait logic and group bias (50% of the content is provocative, and 74.7% contains identity-based bias). These findings reflect a shift in religious authority from ‘ilm-based authority toward affect- and algorithm-based authority. The study concludes that viral digital da‘wah is experiencing a hermeneutical crisis driven by the commodification of revelation under the platform economy of attention. It recommends the development of a digital hermeneutical ethics framework involving content creators’ responsibility, nuanced platform governance, and critical media literacy among audiences to ensure that digital da‘wah preserves the interpretive integrity and transformative function of the Qur’an.